For cushions, replace or add foam and batting. For frames, check for broken joints or webbing and use wood glue, screws, or replacement support materials to reinforce the structure.
You can buy upholstery fabric online, at local fabric stores, or specialty upholstery shops. Look for stores that sell high-durability, stain-resistant fabrics suitable for furniture.
Dining chairs with a drop-in seat are a great starting point. They require minimal tools, and you can see dramatic results with just new fabric and foam.